HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES IN PENDJARI BIOSPHERE RESERVE, NORTHERN BENIN
S. EFIO*, E. A. SOGBOHOSSOU*, Z. Y. MAGNON*, M. R. B. HOUINATO* M. HABIYAREMYE**, B. A. SINSIN* & C. R. TOSSOU*
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.2023/j7jw6a81Mots-clés :
coexistence homme-faune, dégâts, prédation, réduction des conflits, Afrique de l’Ouest.Résumé
Les conflits homme-faune sont toutes les formes d’interaction entre les humains et la faune sauvage ayant
des impacts négatifs sur l’une ou l’autre des parties. Comprendre ces conflits est nécessaire pour garantir
une meilleure coexistence entre l’homme et la faune et ainsi une meilleure conservation de la biodiversité
animale. La présente étude se propose d’évaluer les conflits hommes-faune et analyser les mesures de
gestion de ces conflits autour de la Réserve de Biosphère de la Pendjari. Les données ont été collectées à
l’aide de questionnaires en Janvier et Février 2017 sur un échantillon aléatoire de 245 personnes de
différentes catégories socio-professionnelles. Trois formes de conflits ont été observées autour de la
Réserve. La destruction de cultures, surtout par les babouins (61 %), concerne le maïs (15 %), le coton
(15 %), et le mil (14 %). La prédation du bétail affecte les porcins (25 %) et les ovins/caprins (23,1 %) et est
principalement l’œuvre de la hyène (40,6 %). La destruction des filets de pêche est causée par les crocodiles
(72,2 %) et les hippopotames (27,8 %). Pour réduire les dégâts, les agriculteurs utilisent principalement la
surveillance des champs (82 % de nos enquêtés), les épouvantails (64,5 %) et les feux aux abords des
champs (67,3 %).Quant aux éleveurs, ils gardent le bétail (12,7 %) ou allument des feux dans les enclos la
nuit (8,6 %). Ces mesures ne préviennent pas de façon significative les dégâts mais réduisent leur ampleur.
Elles doivent être renforcées et accompagnées pour plus d’efficacité.
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